minikube方式安装k8s测试集群

一、安装过程

1.minikube安装依赖

1.1 minikube支持windows、mac、linux系统。这里是基于ubuntu server 20.4系统安装。

1.2 minikube需要资源

• 2个cpu
• 2G内存
• 20G硬盘
• 安装服务器可以连接到互联网
• 虚拟化支持：Docker, Hyperkit, Hyper-V, KVM, Parallels, Podman, VirtualBox, or VMware Fusion/Workstation

1.3 依赖安装

1.3.1 docker安装

ps：这里为了方便直接选择用ubuntu的包管理安装工具安装了。

apt install docker.io -y

1.3.2 conntrack安装

apt install conntrack -y

1.4 kubectl安装

apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https;
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -;
cat <<EOF> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main 
EOF
apt-get update;
apt-get install -y kubectl

2.minikube安装

2.1 从官网依照系统选择合适的安装包。我使用ubuntu安装的，所以选择ubuntu.

2.2 下载安装

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube_latest_amd64.deb;
sudo dpkg -i minikube_latest_amd64.deb

3.minikube命令说明

3.1 minikube帮助

#minikube --help
minikube provisions and manages local Kubernetes clusters optimized for development workflows.

Basic Commands:
  start          Starts a local Kubernetes cluster
  status         Gets the status of a local Kubernetes cluster
  stop           Stops a running local Kubernetes cluster
  delete         Deletes a local Kubernetes cluster
  dashboard      Access the Kubernetes dashboard running within the minikube cluster
  pause          pause Kubernetes
  unpause        unpause Kubernetes

Images Commands:
  docker-env     Configure environment to use minikube's Docker daemon
  podman-env     Configure environment to use minikube's Podman service
  cache          Add, delete, or push a local image into minikube
  image          Manage images

Configuration and Management Commands:
  addons         Enable or disable a minikube addon
  config         Modify persistent configuration values
  profile        Get or list the current profiles (clusters)
  update-context Update kubeconfig in case of an IP or port change

Networking and Connectivity Commands:
  service        Returns a URL to connect to a service
  tunnel         Connect to LoadBalancer services

Advanced Commands:
  mount          Mounts the specified directory into minikube
  ssh            Log into the minikube environment (for debugging)
  kubectl        Run a kubectl binary matching the cluster version
  node           Add, remove, or list additional nodes
  cp             Copy the specified file into minikube

Troubleshooting Commands:
  ssh-key        Retrieve the ssh identity key path of the specified node
  ssh-host       Retrieve the ssh host key of the specified node
  ip             Retrieves the IP address of the specified node
  logs           Returns logs to debug a local Kubernetes cluster
  update-check   Print current and latest version number
  version        Print the version of minikube
  options        Show a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

Other Commands:
  completion     Generate command completion for a shell

Use "minikube <command> --help" for more information about a given command.

3.2 minikube子选项帮助查看

# minikube kubectl -- --help
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

 Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create        Create a resource from a file or from stdin
  expose        Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes service
  run           Run a particular image on the cluster
  set           Set specific features on objects

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain       Get documentation for a resource
  get           Display one or many resources
  edit          Edit a resource on the server
  delete        Delete resources by file names, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout       Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale         Set a new size for a deployment, replica set, or replication controller
  autoscale     Auto-scale a deployment, replica set, stateful set, or replication controller

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate   Modify certificate resources.
  cluster-info  Display cluster information
  top           Display resource (CPU/memory) usage
  cordon        Mark node as unschedulable
  uncordon      Mark node as schedulable
  drain         Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint         Update the taints on one or more nodes

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe      Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
  logs          Print the logs for a container in a pod
  attach        Attach to a running container
  exec          Execute a command in a container
  port-forward  Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy         Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
  cp            Copy files and directories to and from containers
  auth          Inspect authorization
  debug         Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes

Advanced Commands:
  diff          Diff the live version against a would-be applied version
  apply         Apply a configuration to a resource by file name or stdin
  patch         Update fields of a resource
  replace       Replace a resource by file name or stdin
  wait          Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources
  kustomize     Build a kustomization target from a directory or URL.

Settings Commands:
  label         Update the labels on a resource
  annotate      Update the annotations on a resource
  completion    Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash, zsh or fish)

Other Commands:
  alpha         Commands for features in alpha
  api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
  api-versions  Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
  config        Modify kubeconfig files
  plugin        Provides utilities for interacting with plugins
  version       Print the client and server version information

Usage:
  kubectl [flags] [options]

Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

4.minikube创建本地k8s集群

1.说明

1.minikube有两种模式

• 1.1 虚拟机需要使用bare-metal模式安装。
• 1.2 bare-metal模式说明
• 1.3 因为基于bare-metal模式安装，只有master节点。master节点是污点模式。如果配置应用，需要将pod配置为容忍污点模式。

2.安装k8s集群

minikube start --driver='none' --image-mirror-country=cn --image-repository='registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers'

3.安装k8s集群和启用web ui

3.1 安装

# 查看安装的k8s集群
root@k8s:~# minikube kubectl -- get po -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-65c54cc984-7n2n7 1/1 Running 0 2m7s
kube-system etcd-k8s 1/1 Running 0 2m18s
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s 1/1 Running 0 2m18s
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s 1/1 Running 0 2m20s
kube-system kube-proxy-7nnfx 1/1 Running 0 2m7s
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s 1/1 Running 0 2m21s
kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 2m15s

minikube kubectl -- get po -A

# 启用web ui
minikube dashboard --port=8080 &

3.2 dashboard访问url(只支持在部署k8s的服务器访问，外网访问需要配置代理)

http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-da shboard:/proxy/

4.创建代理

1 minikube kubectl -- proxy --address=0.0.0.0 --accept-hosts='.*' &

5.访问dashboard

浏览器打开下面的地址即可

http://192.168.1.163:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernet es-dashboard:/proxy/#/workloads?namespace=default

二、参考资料

minikube官方文档

阿里云k8s镜像站

Kubernetes 之 Minikube 国内安装

CentOS7 使用minikube 搭建kubernetes 学习环境

VMware centOS7 下通过minikube部署Kubernetes

Minikube Dashboard对外暴露访问链接

Minikube安装和排错minikube国内在线部署体验

三、视频